Data documento
02/05/2024

Título
ERBB2 exon 20 insertions are rare in Brazilian non-small cell lung cancer

Autor(es)
Cavagna, R.O. - Zaniolo, B. G. - Paula, F.E. - Berardinelli, G.N. - Santana, I. - Silva, E.C.A. - Dias, J. M. - Jacinto, A.A. - Oliveira, R.E.N.N. - Marchi, P. - Leal, L.F. - Reis, R.M.

Palavras chave
Brazil - ERBB2 - exon 20 insertions - non-small cell lung cancer

Resumo
ERBB2 exon 20 insertions may impact the clinical management of lung cancer patients. However, the frequency of ERBB2 exon 20 insertions in lung cancer patients in Brazil is scarce. Here, we analyzed 722 Brazilian non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients from Barretos Cancer Hospital that were indicated to require routine lung cancer molecular testing. ERBB2 exon 20 insertions were evaluated by a targeted panel using next-generation sequencing (NGS). Clinicopathological and molecular data were collected from patient medical records. Among the 722 NSCLC patients, 85.2% had lung adenocarcinomas, 53.9% were male, 66.8% were quitter or current smokers, and 63.2% were diagnosed at an advanced stage of the disease. We identified 0.8% (6/722) of patients who harbored the insertion p. (Tyr772_Ala775dup) at exon 20 of the ERBB2 gene. All ERBB2 mutated patients were diagnosed with lung adenocarcinoma, were never smokers, and wild-type for EGFR, KRAS, and ALK hotspot alterations. Less than 1% of Brazilian NSCLC patients harbor ERBB2 exon 20 insertions, yet they could benefit in future from the new drugs in development.

Citação
de Oliveira Cavagna R, Zaniolo BG, de Paula FE, Berardinelli GN, Santana I, da Silva ECA, Dias JM, Jacinto AA, da Nóbrega Oliveira REN, de Marchi P, Leal LF, Reis RM. ERBB2 exon 20 insertions are rare in Brazilian non-small cell lung cancer. Thorac Cancer. 2022 Dec;13(23):3402-3407. doi: 10.1111/1759-7714.14605. Epub 2022 Oct 17. PMID: 36251951; PMCID: PMC9715798.

Data documento
06/05/2024

Título
Factors associated with unsatisfactory cosmetic results in oncoplastic surgery

Autor(es)
de Oliveira-Junior I. - da Costa Vieira R.A. - Biller G. - Sarri A.J. - da Silva F.C.B. - Nahás E.A.P.

Palavras chave
breast cancer - conservative surgery - breast-conserving surgery - oncoplastic surgery - cosmesis

Resumo
Introduction Oncoplastic surgery (OS) has expanded the indications for breast-conserving surgery associated with an adequate aesthetic result. However, few studies have described the factors associated with unsatisfactory cosmetic outcomes from this surgical modality. Materials and methods This is a cross-sectional prospective study that included patients undergoing breast-conserving surgery (BCS) with or without OS. The patients self-evaluated the cosmetic results of the breasts posttreatment and had them photographed. The photos were analyzed by BCCT.core. Individual and treatment factors (local and systemic) for all patients were evaluated. These factors were dichotomized according to the use of OS and to the cosmetic result (satisfactory and unsatisfactory). Categorical variables were tested for association with surgical outcome using the chi-square test while numerical variables using the Mann−Whitney U test. Variables with p <0,2 were selected for multivariate analysis. Results Of the 300 patients evaluated, 72 (24,0%) underwent OS. According to the patient self-evaluations, an unsatisfactory cosmetic result from OS was significantly associated with younger age at diagnosis, higher body mass index (BMI) at the time of evaluation, larger tumor size and greater weight of the surgical specimen. According to the BCCT.core, only the laterality of the tumor (left) was significantly associated with an unsatisfactory cosmetic result. In logistic regression, considering OS as a control variable, the risk of an unsatisfactory outcome according to patient self-evaluation was related to the tumor ≥ T2 odds ratio (OR) 1,85 (1,027-3,34) and age at diagnosis < 40 [OR 5,0 (1,84-13,95)]. However, according to the software, the variables were associated with an increased risk of an unsatisfactory outcome were the time interval between surgery and evaluation [OR 1,27 (1,16-1,39)], the presence of lymphedema [OR 2,97 (1,36-6,46)], surgical wound infection [OR 3,6 (1,22-11,16)], tumor location on the left side [OR 3,06 (1,69-5,53)], overweight [OR 2,93 (1,48-5,8)] and obesity [OR 2,52 (1,2-5,31)]. Conclusion There is no standard methodology for breast cosmesis evaluation, which influences the factors associated with unsatisfactory results. Younger patients and those with increased BMI, left breast cancer and extensive resections tend to present with unsatisfactory cosmetic results when OS is performed.

Citação
de Oliveira-Junior I, da Costa Vieira RA, Biller G, Sarri AJ, da Silva FCB, Nahás EAP. Factors associated with unsatisfactory cosmetic results in oncoplastic surgery. Front Oncol. 2023 Jul 24;13:1071127. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1071127. PMID: 37554162; PMCID: PMC10405917.

Data documento
06/05/2024

Título
Liquid Biopsy as a Tool for the Diagnosis, Treatment, and Monitoring of Breast Cancer

Autor(es)
Freitas A.J.A. - Causin R - L. - Varuzza M.B. - Calfa S. - Hidalgo Filho C.M.T. - Komoto T.T. - Souza C.P. - Marques M.M.C.

Palavras chave
breast cancer - liquid biopsy - precision medicine

Resumo
Breast cancer (BC) is a highly heterogeneous disease. The treatment of BC is complicated owing to intratumoral complexity. Tissue biopsy and immunohistochemistry are the current gold standard techniques to guide breast cancer therapy; however, these techniques do not assess tumoral molecular heterogeneity. Personalized medicine aims to overcome these biological and clinical complexities. Advances in techniques and computational analyses have enabled increasingly sensitive, specific, and accurate application of liquid biopsy. Such progress has ushered in a new era in precision medicine, where the objective is personalized treatment of breast cancer, early screening, accurate diagnosis and prognosis, relapse detection, longitudinal monitoring, and drug selection. Liquid biopsy can be defined as the sampling of components of tumor cells that are released from a tumor and/or metastatic deposits into the blood, urine, feces, saliva, and other biological substances. Such components include circulating tumor cells (CTCs), circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) or circulating tumor RNA (ctRNA), platelets, and exosomes. This review aims to highlight the role of liquid biopsy in breast cancer and precision medicine.

Citação
Freitas AJA, Causin RL, Varuzza MB, Calfa S, Hidalgo Filho CMT, Komoto TT, Souza CP, Marques MMC. Liquid Biopsy as a Tool for the Diagnosis, Treatment, and Monitoring of Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Sep 1;23(17):9952. doi: 10.3390/ijms23179952. PMID: 36077348; PMCID: PMC9456236.

Data documento
03/05/2024

Título
Liquid Biopsy for Lung Cancer: Up-to-Date and Perspectives for Screening Programs

Autor(es)
Casagrande GMS, - Silva MO, - Reis RM, - Leal LF.

Palavras chave
biomarkers - liquid biopsy - lung cancer - precision medicine

Resumo
Lung cancer is the deadliest cancer worldwide. Tissue biopsy is currently employed for the diagnosis and molecular stratification of lung cancer. Liquid biopsy is a minimally invasive approach to determine biomarkers from body fluids, such as blood, urine, sputum, and saliva. Tumor cells release cfDNA, ctDNA, exosomes, miRNAs, circRNAs, CTCs, and DNA methylated fragments, among others, which can be successfully used as biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction of treatment response. Predictive biomarkers are well-established for managing lung cancer, and liquid biopsy options have emerged in the last few years. Currently, detecting EGFR p.(Tyr790Met) mutation in plasma samples from lung cancer patients has been used for predicting response and monitoring tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKi)-treated patients with lung cancer. In addition, many efforts continue to bring more sensitive technologies to improve the detection of clinically relevant biomarkers for lung cancer. Moreover, liquid biopsy can dramatically decrease the turnaround time for laboratory reports, accelerating the beginning of treatment and improving the overall survival of lung cancer patients. Herein, we summarized all available and emerging approaches of liquid biopsy-techniques, molecules, and sample type-for lung cancer.

Citação
Casagrande GMS, Silva MO, Reis RM, Leal LF. Liquid Biopsy for Lung Cancer: Up-to-Date and Perspectives for Screening Programs. Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Jan 28;24(3):2505. doi: 10.3390/ijms24032505. PMID: 36768828; PMCID: PMC9917347.

Data documento
06/05/2024

Título
Management of Early-Stage Vulvar Cancer

Autor(es)
Pedrão P.G. - Guimarães Y.M. - Godoy L.R. - Possati-Resende J.C. - Bovo A.C. - Andrade C.E.M.C. - Longatto-Filho A. - Dos Reis R.

Palavras chave
vulvar cancer - vulvar neoplasms - diagnosis and staging - sentinel lymph node

Resumo
Vulvar cancer is a rare gynecological malignancy since it represents 4% of all cancers of the female genital tract. The most common histological type is squamous cell carcinoma (90%). This type can be classified into two clinicopathological subtypes according to the etiology. The first subtype is associated with persistent human papillomavirus infection and is usually diagnosed in younger women. The second subtype is associated with lichen sclerosus condition, and in most cases is diagnosed in postmenopausal women. Currently, an increase in first subtype cases has been observed, which raised the concern about associated mortality and treatment morbidity among young women. Vulvar cancer treatment depends on histopathology grade and staging, but surgery with or without radiotherapy as adjuvant treatment is considered the gold standard. In recent decades, sentinel lymph node biopsy has been incorporated as part of the treatment. Therefore, we sought to review and discuss the advances documented in the literature about vulvar cancer focusing on the treatment of early-stage disease. Relevant articles, such as the GROINS-V studies and the GOG protocols, are presented in this review. Additionally, we discuss key points such as the evolution of treatment from invasive surgery with high morbidity, to more conservative approaches without compromising oncologic safety; the role of sentinel lymph node mapping in the initial staging, since it reduces the complications caused by inguinofemoral lymphadenectomy; the recurrences rates, since local recurrence is common and curable, however, groin-associated, or distant recurrences have a poor prognosis; and, finally, the long-term follow-up that is essential for all patients.

Citação
Pedrão PG, Guimarães YM, Godoy LR, Possati-Resende JC, Bovo AC, Andrade CEMC, Longatto-Filho A, Dos Reis R. Management of Early-Stage Vulvar Cancer. Cancers (Basel). 2022 Aug 29;14(17):4184. doi: 10.3390/cancers14174184. PMID: 36077719; PMCID: PMC9454625.

Data documento
02/05/2024

Título
Role of EGFL7 in human cancers: A review

Autor(es)
de Oliveira C, - Gonçalves PG, - Bidinotto LT.

Palavras chave
angiogenesis - cancer - EGFL7 - pathways

Resumo
EGFL7 is a proangiogenic factor. It has been widely described with having a vital role in tubulogenesis and regulation of angiogenesis, mainly during embryogenesis and organogenesis. It has been mainly associated with NOTCH pathway, but there are reports showing association with MAPK and integrin pathways. Given its association with angiogenesis and these other pathways, there are several studies associating EGFL7 with carcinogenesis. In fact, most of the studies have pointed to EGFL7 as an oncogene, and some of them suggest EGFL7 expression as a possible biomarker of prognosis or use for a patients follow‐up. Here, we review the molecular pathways which EGFL7 is associated and highlight several studies describing the role of EGFL7 in tumorigenesis, separated by tumor type. Besides its role on angiogenesis, EGFL7 may act in other pathways as oncogene, which makes it a possible biomarker and a candidate to targeted therapy.

Citação
de Oliveira C, Gonçalves PG, Bidinotto LT. Role of EGFL7 in human cancers: A review. J Cell Physiol. 2023 Aug;238(8):1756-1767. doi: 10.1002/jcp.31084. Epub 2023 Jul 25. PMID: 37490307.

Data documento
02/05/2024

Título
The digital expression profile of BMP7, CDKN2C, HIST1H3G, and PKMYT1 genes improves high‐grade cervical lesion detection in liquid‐based cytology

Autor(es)
Causin RL, - Sussuchi da Silva L, - Leal LF, - Possati-Resende JC, - Evangelista AF, - Matsushita GM, - Scapulatempo-Neto C, - Tavares Guerreiro Fregnani JH, - Antônio de Oliveira M, - Musselwhite LW, - Chiquitelli Marques MM, - Reis RM.

Palavras chave
biomarkers - cervical cancer - cervical intraepithelial neoplasia - gene expression - liquid‐based cytology

Resumo
Background: Some studies reported that differential gene expression could be used as a biomarker for high‐grade cervical lesion identification. The aim was to evaluate the gene expression profile of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) to identify a gene expression signature of CIN2+ in liquid‐based cytology (LBC) samples. Methods: LBC samples (n = 85) obtained from women who underwent colposcopy were included with benign (n = 13), CIN1 (n = 26), CIN2 (n = 16), and CIN3 (n = 30) diagnoses. After RNA isolation, gene expression profiling was performed using the nCounter PanCancer Pathways, which consists of 730 cancer‐related genes. The genes identified were in silico expression evaluated using the UALCAN database. An accurate prediction model to discriminate CIN2+ from

Descrição

Citação
Causin RL, Sussuchi da Silva L, Leal LF, Possati-Resende JC, Evangelista AF, Matsushita GM, Scapulatempo-Neto C, Tavares Guerreiro Fregnani JH, Antônio de Oliveira M, Musselwhite LW, Chiquitelli Marques MM, Reis RM. The digital expression profile of BMP7, CDKN2C, HIST1H3G, and PKMYT1 genes improves high-grade cervical lesion detection in liquid-based cytology. Cancer Cytopathol. 2023 Jul;131(7):454-464. doi: 10.1002/cncy.22704. Epub 2023 Apr 17. PMID: 37069588.